Periodontal disease refers to inflammation that affects the attachment apparatus that holds the tooth in the jaw, including the gum tissue (gingiva) and bone. 

Gingivitis means inflammation of the gingival tissue only, and the bone is not affected. Gingivitis is reversible and will heal after thorough professional cleaning and implementation of a home oral hygiene program. However, if the inflammation is allowed to progress, deep pockets and bone loss occurs, which is referred to as periodontitis. In cases of mild (less than 25% attachment loss) or moderate (25% to 50% attachment loss) periodontitis, important teeth may be preserved using surgical techniques that include open root planning and bone grafts. In cases of severe periodontitis (more than 50% attachment loss), extraction is recommended for the health and comfort of the patient.  

We offer a few different options to treat periodontal disease. These are extraction of the teeth, gingivectomy/gingivoplasty to eliminate pseudo-pocketing, root planing (closed and open), and guided tissue regeneration with the use of bone grafts.

The American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC) uses a five-stage system to grade periodontal disease in animals. A clinical exam and diagnostic imaging (X-ray and CT) are necessary to determine what stage of periodontal disease is present.

Stage 0: Healthy periodontal tissues, with no gingivitis or periodontitis

Stage 1: Gingivitis, but no attachment loss

Stage 2: Early periodontitis, with less than 25% attachment loss

Stage 3: Moderate periodontitis, with 25–50% attachment loss

Stage 4: Advanced periodontitis, with more than 50% attachment loss

(Images used with permission from AVDC)

Is it treatable?

Yes, periodontal disease is treatable. We offer a few different options to treat periodontal disease including extraction of the teeth, gingivectomy/gingivoplasty to eliminate pseudo-pocketing, root planing (closed and open), and guided tissue regeneration with the use of bone grafts.

Is it reversible? 

Only stage 0 and stage 1 periodontal disease are reversible. Unfortunately, the damage caused to get to stage 2 and above is not. However, further damage is preventable. It is possible to slow down the process of periodontal disease. Daily tooth brushing and yearly dental cleanings will help slow the process. Periodontal disease isn’t something that happens overnight. It is a slow process that gradually worsens if left untreated.

What can I do at home?

Toothbrushing is the most effective thing you can do at home for your pet's oral health. Toothbrushing helps to remove any dental plaque or tartar that is building on the tooth. Having a daily routine is best, but brushing several times a week can also be helpful. Not every pet will be tolerant of toothbrushing to start. Patience, training, and keeping the experience positive will help your pet get more comfortable with the task. 

You can learn more about toothbrushing here.